Spry Journal of Economics and Management Sciences
The SPRY Journal of Economics and Management is an international intermediary dedicated to disseminating knowledge on the principal areas of Economics and Management Science. Our periodical serves as a forum that is devoted to the multifaceted research on all potential spectrums of Economics. The core incentive is to augment the research arena by incorporating innovative findings that strive to facilitate literary ways to acquire the results in management and communication and push forward the knowledge domain in this paradigm.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Reporting in Pakistan: Insights from Stakeholder Perspectives
Background: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting has become a de facto in business law. Previous studies on CSR reporting only focused on the context of developed countries however in new research CSR reporting on developing countries has also started to garner attention. Research Aim: This study aims to explore the perspectives of the stakeholders of Pakistan on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting. Methodology: This study used a qualitative research approach to explore the perspectives of the stakeholders. The data was collected by interviewing a diverse group of stakeholders in Pakistan. The research employed a thematic analysis for patterning the interview questions. The interviews were done with ethical consideration and with the consent of each of the participants and reporting was on par with the ethical standards for interview design. Results: The outcomes of the study give a meticulous understanding of aspects of CSR in Pakistan and could lead the researchers, policymakers and organizations to improve CSR reporting and practices in the country. Through the perspectives of diverse groups of stakeholders, insights into the complications of CSR reporting were revealed. Conclusion: This study has highlighted the evolving nature of CSR reporting, the institutional factor, the stakeholder’s growing role and the challenges that organizations have faced
Copyright (c) 2024 Spry Journal of Economics and Management Sciences
Exploring the Drivers of Youth Unemployment in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Review
Background: One of the major issues faced by countries globally is unemployment, predominantly youth unemployment. Youth unemployment has been a significant issue for many developing countries including Pakistan. Aim: The current study mainly aims to examine the factors affecting the employment rate among the youth in Pakistan. Methodology: The study comprises a review design that analyses the factors for youth unemployment identified as insufficient investment rate, overpopulation, political unrest, and the backwardness of the agriculture sector. The study addresses the adolescents who are primarily affected by the recession due to the existing youth group being large. Results: The long-term outlook for youth unemployment is relatively high, and there is a strong case for policymakers to tackle these challenges. The prevailing youth group is facing challenges in accessing employment; hence, it is important for policymakers to address these issues. The study also deliberates the necessity for an adequate environment for employment, examination of policy and the evaluation of the causes assisting in offering jobs to youth. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study determined that insufficient investment rate, Political unrest, overpopulation and the regressive agriculture sector are the prime factors affecting youth unemployment.
Economic Growth or Downfall? Reviewing the Economic Resonance of Remittances in Pakistan
Background: The remittance sent by migrant workers to their home countries has a significant impact on the country’s economic development. Remittance positively influences the economy and GDP of developing countries. migrant workers yearly send billions to their home countries. Remittance is incessantly outpacing a country's official development aid and has become the second most significant source of economic development other than the FDI (Foreign Direct Aid). Aim: The study aims to review, analyse and summarise the existing literature regarding the impact of remittance on Pakistan’s economy. Methodology: The study comprises a qualitative research design. Data was collected through numerous articles related to remittances and their impact on the economy, particularly, Pakistan’s economy and GDP growth. Results: The results of the study determined the positive impact of remittance inflow on Pakistan’s economy. The results discussed the increasing inflow of remittances from the fiscal year 2013 to the fiscal year 2022 along with the determinants of expected decline in remittance. Conclusion: The outcomes revealed the uprise in remittances inflow to Pakistan from FY13 to FY22. The study showed the yearly percentage of increasing remittances, along with highlighting the factors of the expected decline in the remittance inflow in the upcoming years.
Analyzing the Influence of Exchange Rate Dynamics on Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan: A 13-Year Analysis
Background: In the economic development of Pakistan, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a crucial role while the exchange rate has been determined as an important factor influencing the FDI inflows. Research Aim: This research paper explores the multifaceted relationship between changes in exchange rate and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Pakistan aiming to shed the light on complex dynamics at play. Methodology: Through the data analysis from 2010 to 2022 and empirical studies this study identifies a significant relationship between the change in exchange rate and FDI. The test of Linear Regression and Pearson’s Correlation were applied to test the data through SPSS software. Results: The results of the correlation exhibited that there is a positive relationship between change in Exchange rate and FDI, while the R-square in the regression analysis showed about 58.1% impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable. It is apparent from the study that the depreciation and appreciation of the Pakistani currency relative to major international currencies affects the decision of the investors. Conclusion: This paper concludes with a set of recommendations for the Government of Pakistan with the aim of creating a conducive environment for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) by considering stabilizing the exchange rate as a key factor. Further, this research will help provide valuable insight and pathways for the policymakers and investors in forming the decision-making and policy for the development and sustainable growth of the economy of Pakistan.
Copyright (c) 2023 Spry Journal of Economics and Management Sciences
Unraveling the Economic Collapse in Pakistan: A Thematic Analysis of Unemployment and Inflation through the Lenz of Educationist
Aim: The study primarily aimed to investigate the inter-linkage between unemployment and increasing inflation rate and how they contribute to economic collapse in Pakistan. The study examines the effects of inflation on Pakistan’s economy and how it affects the locals and the employment rate in Pakistan. Methodology: This study comprises a qualitative research design. Semi- structured interviews were employed through thematic analysis. Open-ended questions were used to guide the interviews. The participants included 6 senior-level economists from a private organization in Pakistan. The similar responses of the participants were then divided into different themes. Results: The outcomes of the study revealed that elevating crime rate, hyperinflation, declining trade rate, excessive foreign debt and recession accelerate the contribution of increasing inflation and unemployment to economic collapse. Conclusion: The study concluded the inter-linkage between increasing inflation and unemployment and its effects on Pakistan’s economy
A Rigorous Economic Analysis of Corruption in the Landscape of Pakistan
Background: Corruption can be defined as the misuse of public assets, which is a global issue because it can affect the overall economic condition of the country. Since 1947, Pakistan has faced a lot of corruption, which affects various factors of the country including political growth as well as economic growth. Research Aim: This paper has studied the relationship between economic growth and corruption and what are the factors of corruption in Pakistan. Methodology: This study is an empirical study based on using the data from 1998-2022. The following analysis which includes the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test and Tobit Model of Censored Regression has been used for analyzing the determinants of corruption in Pakistan. Results: The results found that there is a negative influence of GDP growth and the literacy rate of Pakistan on corruption while most prominently inflation has been found to be a positive influence on corruption. Conclusion: To conclude GDP, Literacy rate and Economic integration have a positive influence on corruption in Pakistan while Literacy Rate and Inflation are significant economic determinants of corruption.
Catalysts of Growth: Analyzing the Interplay of Interest Rates and Inflation in Shaping Pakistan's Automotive Industry Performance (2010-2022)
Background: The outcome of any business entity is its net profit which is the final outcome of its investing, financing and operating activities. There are several internal and external factors that can influence the business operations. Research Aim: This study investigates with the aim to examine the effect of interest rate and inflation rates on the performance of the automobile sector of Pakistan. Methodology: Data was collected through secondary data analysis covering from 2010 to 2022 through Government reports and industry publications). The data was examined using IBM SPSS 23 and e model of the study was analyzed using the test of Linear Regression and Pearson’s correlation. Results: The findings of this study showed that the day-to-day rising inflation rate has a negative impact on the economic growth of the automobile industry in Pakistan. Conclusion: To conclude, the automobile industry is one of the key Contributors to the economy of Pakistan. In shaping the performance of the automobile industry interest rate and inflation rate plays a crucial role in Pakistan.
Determinants of Political Instability and Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Review Study
Background and Aim: Political instability has the potential to severely disrupt the economic growth of a country, inducing long-term economic dilemmas. Considering the current political scenario of Pakistan, the present study is intended to review the determinants of political instability and economic growth in the state. Methodology: This study used a qualitative method. The data was collected through a number of channels (websites, databases, and search engines) and relevant articles were then reviewed to offer synthesized outcomes. Findings: It has been noted in previous studies that political instability leads the country towards an economic downturn and creates unrest in the social and economic environment, thus disrupting the social peace of the country. Corruption, inadequate/improper economic policy, security issues, foreign aid and investment, institutional weakness, infrastructure development, civil-military relations and political reforms are the main issues that create uncertainty and instability in the country and adversely influence the economic growth of the country. Conclusion: The outcomes indicate that the distinct factors allied with political instability are the prime agents of the disrupted economic growth of Pakistan. Hence, the government ought to ensure measures to bring political stability to the state with the aim of fostering better economic outcomes in the future.
INVESTIGATING HOW FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT MIGHT SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND CORPORATE PRACTICES; THEMATIC ANALYSIS
Background: Recently, industries have become more prone to incorporate societal expectations into their business strategy. Moreover, sustainable business practices and development frequently involve adopting successful financial management. Financial management serves as a direction that affects organizational development overall. High-quality financial management is essential to ensuring the overall organization's growth and financial stability, especially when benefiting from substantial expenditures. Aim: This article investigates how financial management may support the growth and adoption of sustainable corporate practices. Methodology: The research is based on a thematic analysis of resources from different researchers in order to confirm that suitable financial management practices are essential to improve productive capacity while managing potential financial risks. Results: According to the study's outcomes,businesses that are implementing sustainable practices under the influence of sustainable investment pressure, employee pressure, organizational management pressure, and regulatory pressure are more likely to see an improvement in their financial productivity. Hence, in order to achieve sustainability within a business, the process must be ingrained throughout every level of organizational support, from senior executives to entry-level employees. Conclusion: This research has shown that an organization must address financial management responsibly and ensure that its abilities are appropriate. The research has also shown how important sustainability problems are in determining financial outcomes and what drives value. In conclusion, financial management is essential for encouraging sustainable business practices and growth.
INCOME, A MEASURING DEVICE FOR HEALTH EXPENDITURE AND FAMILY HEALTH STATUS
Introduction: A person's income is a true measuring tool to identify their health status and, ultimately, a nation's economy. It has been estimated that an average salary person's expenses are according to their monthly income. It also helps to measure living standards and expenses other than basic needs. Health is the factor on which every family spends money, irrespective of their willingness. Aim: Our study aims to correlate the income of different professionals and their expenses on their health. A good salary person expenses more on health. This study helped to find the correlation between income, health, and status of health among the sample population. Methodology: The quantitative data were collected from careful sample selection. The designed questionnaires provide information regarding accurate salary, medical expenses, health expenses and the current status of family health. Results: A person's income directly relates to health expenses and health status. They facilitate their family's expensive medical assistance and nutritionist in case of good salary packages and stand on excellent health status. The reverse is in the case of low- income families and their health status. Income directly relates to medical assistance and facilities a family can acquire.
IDENTIFY AND ASSESS THE KEY COMPONENTS INFLUENCING LOCAL TAX RETURNS IN ASEAN COUNTRIES
Background: Taxes are regarded as an efficient tool for the country to regulate the macro-economy, which is primarily utilized to finance expenses, in addition to serving as the primary source of national net profit. Taxes are a significant source of income and a significant share of overall national net profit in emerging Southeast Asian (ASEAN) economies. Aim: The current research seeks to determine the key components influencing the tax return policy in all ASEAN nations during the existing time frame to suggest policy changes and suggestions that will assist in the growth of the political and economic system as a whole as well as the optimization of the tax return structure. Method: The research presented in this article includes panel data from ten nations from 2002 to 2020. The World Bank’s World Indicators are a source of information on tax returns, level of economic development (GDP), trade, foreign direct investment (FDI), agricultural value added (ARG), industrial sector value added (IND), education level, average lifespan, and infant death ratio. Results: The study results illustrate that five out of the eight above components positively affect tax returns. FDI, IND, SCHTER, and INFDEATH have no statistical significance. This implies that when all other factors are held constant, the total national tax return is unaffected by foreign direct investment, the industry share in the GDP, the degree of education, or the infant death ratio. Conclusion: Governments in ASEAN countries must take action to raise per capita income in order to raise tax returns. They should actively and adaptably use economic policy tools to closely and synchronously operate with financial measures.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROGRESSION, ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, AND TURNOVER RATES OF THE EMPLOYEES IN THE AVIATION INDUSTRY
Abstract Purpose: The main objective of this study is to emphasize the human resource management progression, organizational commitment, and turnover rates of employees in the aviation industry. Design/ methodology/ approach: This study used a quantitative analysis based on the survey forms. Twenty employees working in the aviation industry were recruited for this study. The questionnaire was designed on a 3-point Likert scale strategy. The final draft of the questionnaire comprised fourteen questions. Findings: The results suggested that an employee who experiences positive human resources practices in the company is positively interested in continuing to work for the company. However, it was also observed that employees of the aviation. Industry is likely to show lesser commitment and considerable turnover intention when they sense that their organization's human resource management practices are poor. Originality: This research encompasses the reimbursements of organizational commitment mediated through human resource management progression on turnover intentions of employees in the aviation industry.
Political Exploratory Analysis of the Business Model Innovations
(BMIs) enhance organizational and value by transforming underlying models. Management consulting (MCFs) play a crucial role in business model and performance. Digital serves as a critical bridge BMIs and MCFs, facilitating the implementation of advanced business through information technology (IT). Methodology: This exploratory study the impact of digital on business model innovation MCFs. The research examines how utilize IT to explore and implement ideas that enhance customer and operational performance. Results/Findings: The study finds that digital transformation enables to discover and apply innovative that improve their operational By developing strategic digital transformations, MCFs can redefine business model innovations to meet global demands and technological advancements. This integration of digital technology helps MCFs to enhance their service offerings and align business models with customer activities and strategies. Future Direction: Future research should focus on the long-term effects of digital transformation on BMIs in various industries. Additionally, investigating the role of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and block chain in further enhancing BMIs within MCFs could provide valuable insights. The continuous evolution of e-commerce and advanced technologies underscores the need for ongoing innovation to meet global customer needs effectively.